War on Terror Essay - 969 Words

Since the days of the Cuban Missile Crisis (Marfleet, 1997) in the sixties, the United States has become increasingly more relaxed as to the possibility of an attack on American soil. Since the attack on the Twin Towers in September of 2001, by the terrorist group al-Qaeda, the United States has again become more aware and alert to this possibility. Not only did the attack on the United States bring Americans together as a country united, it also brought on changes that included the newly developed Department of Homeland Security. Homeland Security is now charged with not only protecting the country and territories from another terrorist attack but also responding to an attack, man-made accident, and natural disasters. It is also†¦show more content†¦(Kouri, 2011)† Al-Awlaki encourages terrorism through the use of internet blogs, Facebook, and You Tube videos. Al-Awlaki has been linked to multiple attacks and attempted attacks on the United States. I would have to agre e with our government in their assessment of the terroristic threat in reference to Al-Awlaki. Terrorism seems to be a Lernaean Hydra in comparison in that, when you remove one leader, two more replace them. Al-Qaida, while weakened by the loss of their leader, is still very much a threat. With almost endless finances, their ability to infiltrate and live among us is great. While I am sure the government makes every attempt to find and flag any person having ties to terrorist, how can you fight an enemy you cannot see? It is not as if they wear red or grey coats as they did in the Civil War. While doing the research paper one thing became increasing clear; I have no more idea as to the location and the means by which to attack, than the federal government does. I don’t believe that the ability to hijack a commercial aircraft exists anymore. The attack on the Pentagon would most likely be a one-time event also. In some respects, as a nation, we are very good at learning from our mistakes. While the government has not told us of safety measures taken to protect such military targets, I am sure the measures have still been taken. So with the major targets removed from accessibility, they are more likely to step down to â€Å"softShow MoreRelatedWar on Terror1421 Words   |  6 PagesPOL SCI 180 PATRICK COATY WAR ON TERROR I, myself, before September 11, 2001 did not know what terrorism was. It is completely a new term for me, and I could never figure how terrible it is. But then, experiencing and witnessing the feeling of losing the one you loved who was a victim of that disaster, I recognized that the world is no longer as safe as before. Today, not only America but also Britain, Spain, Indonesia†¦became the target of terrorists. The terror tissue is the most challengedRead MoreThe War on Terror985 Words   |  4 Pagesinstance people can not get on a plane without going through an hour or two of security. But Thirteen years after the biggest terrorist attack the world had ever seen, the War on Terror remains a vital problem for the U.S Military. The War on terror has been a main focus for the U.S for many years now. The U.S. first got involved in the war on September 11th, 2001, when two planes crashed in to the World Trade Center in New York City, and one in to the Pentagon in Washington D.C., making it the worst thingRead MoreThe Cold War and the War on Terror987 Words   |  4 Pagesseems that during the Cold War and the War on Terror, many of the feelings that citizens felt were the same, but what America called the enemy was different. Following the September 11th attacks, there was a feeling of paranoia felt throughout America similar to the paranoia felt during the Cold War. Americans did not feel safe, and an attack could come at any time. The fight on the home front looked different during the Cold War and the War on Terrorism. During the Cold War there was more of a correlationRead MoreThe Vietnam War and the War on Terror1833 Words   |  7 Pageswell with the president and their co-legislators during such c ircumstances. This phenomenon was observed in the early stages of the War on Terror following the events of September 11, 2001 as well as during the Vietnam War. In this research paper several factors will be considered in comparing the powers of the presidency and Congressional powers during the two wars named, ranging from the presidents during each, to public opinion, as well as the change in each of these aspects over time. One mustRead MoreThe War On Terror Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans to enlist in his war on terror, very few citizens could have grasped the all-encompassing consequences of the proposition. The terrifying events of 9/11 were like a blinding flash, benumbing the country with a sudden knowledge of unimagined dangers. Strong action was recommended, skeptics were silenced and a shallow sense of unity emerged from the shared vulnerabilities. Nearly three years later, the enormity of Bushs summons to open-ended war is more obvious. It overwhelmedRead MoreWar on Terror or War on People657 Words   |  3 Pagesattacks brought fear and anger to all Americans. People of all races did not know how to react to such a horrific tragedy. After these attacks were carried, former President George W. Bush declared a â€Å"War on Terror†. While this was happening Muslims in the U.S were in the middle of this issue. The War on Terror was focused on Muslim Citizens in the U.S due to media outlets and many people criticizing all people that are Muslims are radicals. With all said The Patriot Act was passed which many criticizedRead MoreUnderstanding The War On Terror1522 Words   |  7 Pages Understanding the War on Terror Youngsuk Lee PSCI A180 Professor Patrick C. Coaty 14 May, 2015 â€Æ' Many victims have been harmed from the terrorism for a long time. It is impossible for victims who are effected by the terrorism to live safely. Cruel terrorist group even attack female and children. The incidence of terrorism is increasing in the world. It is big problem in the world because countries worry about their citizen from the terrorism. The United States and other countriesRead MoreWar On Terror And Terrorism1300 Words   |  6 PagesWar on Terror After the incident of September 11, 2001, War on Terror became a serious problem. That attack made huge effects on U.S government and many other countries. Many innocent people lost their lives because of those terrorists. No one knows if an incident like the one on September 11 will happen again, but we have to know that â€Å"we are the primary target†. According to Patrick Coaty’s â€Å"War on Terror,† the terrorism has been developed throughout history. So that people should know to fightRead MoreChomsky And The War On Terror1277 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical commentator, social justice activist, and anarcho-syndicalist advocate does an elaborate job in his speech given at Harvard University, to make us question if there really is a war on terror. Chomsky calls everybody a hypocrite and uses the U.S. Army Manual definition of terrorism to argue that there can’t be a war on terrorism because the U.S. is also a terrorist group itself. We can’t fight something if we ourselves do that same thing. Chomsky backs up his claim with many pieces of evidenceRead MoreIs The War On Terror Ethical?714 Words   |  3 PagesIs the War on Terror ethical? Since the establishments of governments, since human societies had kings and queens, since governments were ran under a religious doctrine, there has always been conflict among different groups of people. There will always be differences among people of different cultures, religions, race and ethnicity. There has always been a division of power between people and inequality in the world. There was a point in human history that slaves were bought and sold as property

The State Of Social Media - 772 Words

Financial gain is not always the immediate objective of social media. However, monetization attaches a revenue stream to social media content. This monetization can be financial or psychic. Psychic income is defined as value that is not expressed in monetary form (Solomon, 2015). Like other businesses, social media providers need to earn money. To do so, they need to create a monetization strategy as a part of the company’s business model. A successful monetization strategy attracts consumers to the marketer’s content. By measuring who is viewing the content, the social media provider can determine how much a marketer should pay to place their promoted content (Tuten Solomon, 2013). In the article, â€Å"The State of Social Media,† Martin looks toward the future of so ¬cial media and discusses the ample possibilities and potential pitfalls (2015). Social media marketers need to be aware that they are not misleading consumers. Users do not like when they cannot distinguish between ads and content. Misleading ads could backfire on the marketer. Social media sites will need to tackle the challenge of making advertisers happy and keeping their number of users growing. (Martin, 2015). â€Å"Mobile will continue to grow at alarming rates and will drive how users consume media. Social will open the door to additional ad opportunities on mobile, and budgets will shift accordingly† (Martin, 2015, p. 23) The first social media site that I analyzed for revenue sources is LinkedIn.Show MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Impact On The United States1188 Words   |  5 PagesProtests in Baltimore over the death of 25-year-old Freddie Gray while in police custody have invoked a broad spectrum of responses and emotions in the United States. Many have taken to social media outlets such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram to express their views. The remarks have been both supportive of citizen protests and condemnatory. The relative anonymity of the Internet has led some critics to go to inflammatory extremes, such as suggesting that the U.S. send protesters to Iraq toRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On The United States1386 Words   |  6 Pages Within the past several years, it seems as though racial tensions in the United States has made a very prominent reappearance. Social media has played a major part in bringing these events to the forefront of our social conscience. However, this seemingly â€Å"shocking† reappearance is anything but. The United States is a country that has such a decided issue with internalized and systematic racism that it seems absurd for so many citizens to be shocked by recent events. Trayvon Martin, John CrawfordRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On The United States1842 Words   |  8 Pages The United States of America can be seen as one of the most countries to be tech savvy. 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The main objectives of this research are as follows: âž ¢ To explore the theoretical framework of social media andRead MoreGun Control Policies Focused On The United States Of Capitol Hill, News, And Social Media2360 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction: Recently, gun control policies focused on what the 2nd amendment allows hav been on the forefront of Capitol Hill, news, and social media. Polar opposite opinions are common and have caused heated debates as well as understandable viewpoints on both sides of the argument. Some of the stakeholders that are most affected by decisions made by politicians would include hunters, criminals, those with psychological conditions, the government, and gun owners or enthusiasts. ThroughoutRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1497 Words   |  6 Pagesresult, social media has been on the rise for communication, news, and entertainment, appealing to a wide range of ages and demographics. However, this increased use has also increased challenges to privacy, policy making, and ethics within the government. More recently, the Supreme Court addressed the relationship and challenges between the First Amendment and social media in 2015, ruling that it is difficult to accurately evaluate th e intentions of others through social media posts. Social media isRead MoreComprehensive Legislation Of Social Media Privacy1559 Words   |  7 Pages Comprehensive Legislation to Protect Social Media Privacy Reading and Writing Workshop II, Section 007 Qiu Jin (Rachel) August 11, 2014 Comprehensive Legislation to Protect Social Media Privacy Abstract The article makes a research on both the present situation of social media users’ privacy, and the work of the FTC and other federal departments to protect social media privacy. However, without a comprehensive legislation in the federal level, the fragmentation of such trial cannotRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1269 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media is defined as websites and applications (app) that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking. (Google) Instagram, Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, YouTube, Snapchat are just a few of the thousands of social media sites that are used all over the world. Social media are computer mediated technologies that uses Web 2.0 internet based applications that allow the creating and sharing of ideas, thoughts, information, and formsRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1088 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s society, social media is a pros and cons situation that can be adjusted to a neutral base, so it can protect the privacy of its users today. Although social media has a lot of cons it also has a positive side, for an instant an individual is looking to start his/her campaign on awareness for voting in this year’s presidential election. A great start will be to create a twitter page where everyone in the United States will be aware of the importance of voting in this upcoming presidentialRead MoreSocial Media And Social Isolation872 Words   |  4 Pages Does Social Media Creates Social Isolation? Social media is a significant part of today’s world. People use social media such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram on a daily basis to see what their friends on social media are doing, or to share their life events with those friends. Evidence states that almost a quarter of the world’s population uses social media. Although social media helps individuals to connect with more people around the world easily with low cost, it can cause social isolation

Factors and Motivations That Influence Biological Warfare Free Essays

Many troops during the years of World War I met their demise in what is arguable the most terrifying and inhumane of all military tactics – biological warfare. Soldiers inhaled a deadly acidic gas that burned them from the inside out, suffocating them in an excruciating and unimaginable pain. Kurth Audrey, a professor of strategy at the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors and Motivations That Influence Biological Warfare or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. National War College in Washington, stated: â€Å"Science is as neutral as a knife; it may maybe a blessing or a curse depending on the heart and the mind of the man who holds it. †[1] Terrorists organizations are motivated by many factors to use biological warfare. If a terrorist organization has the concepts of science down, as a neutral knife, then they can produce weapons that can fulfill their agenda, whether it is something that has to do with reputation, politics, or religion. Many factors contribute to terrorists using this type of warfare, which stimulates the motivations of terrorist organizations. These factors range from; access to information, cost, ease of dissemination, availability, access to technology, and difficulty of detection. Biological warfare is a dangerous type of warfare, than can cause severe damage to a population of people, crops, or animals. It can also cause harm to the one that is dispersing the biological agent, which causes one to think, why would someone use this type of warfare? Biological agents are often simpler to attain and produce than chemical weapons that can cause mass destruction in a population. The material for biological agents can easily be grown or purchased. There are some agents, such as Anthrax or Brucellosis, which occur naturally in animals in certain parts of the world , and individuals can acquire these agents just by traveling the globe to where these agents grow. For an example, the Aum Shinrikyo cult was reported to have gone to Zaire, a place in Africa, to seek the strains of Ebola for its use in its bio-weapons program. [2] Until recently, anyone could order agents from supple houses around the world. In 1995, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), a mail order company that provides biological products, shipped the bacteria, Anthrax, to Saddam Hussein’s biological warfare program in Iraq. [3] Just like the increase of technology throughout the decades, there is also an increase of availability of information related to chemical and biological weapons. Information on how to create biological weapons can be taken from articles within scientific literature on a variety of topics, which only requires a trained scientist to understand. The Internet has created forums on which terrorists groups can reach out, recruit members, and spread messages. It also makes a large library of information available to just about anyone who is interested on the production of biological agents. One resource that is found online is, Bacteriological Warfare: A Major Threat to North America, which is written by Larry Wayne Harris of the Aryan Nation. 4] This manual describes the reproduction and growth of biological agents, and can be purchased for only $30. [5] Another resource available is called, Silent Death, which instructs the reader in ways to kill using chemical and biological poisons. According to the publisher of this book, it sells thousands of copies each year. [6] Bio-engineers are now armed with knowledge on how to cease biological agents, as well as the effects of the agents upon a population. According to Ken Alibek, who supervised the Soviet bio warfare program, â€Å"Although the mos-sophisticated and effected versions [of biological weapons]require considerable equipments and scientific expertise, primitive versions can be produced in a small area with minimal equipment by someone with limited training†¦ They would be relativity inexpensive and easy to produce. †[7] To produce bio-weapons, a terrorist organization must have access to a scientist with some graduate training in the fields of microbiology or genetic engineering. The political and economic situation in Russia created a supply of bio warfare scientists who were not being paid and were unable to provide for themselves or their families. Regardless of the political, moral and ethical standards of these scientists, it is reasonable to expect that many of those scientists are now working for terrorist organizations around the world. Iraq scientists discovered which strains to order by reviews in American scientific journals, which are located at American Type Culture Collection in Rockville, Maryland. For thirty-five dollars, they also picked up strains of tularemia and Venezuelan equine encephalitis once targeted for weaponization at Fort Detrick. [8] The knowledge that is learned, and the availability of the biological agents, caused the relative ease of production of the agents, storage they can be contained in, dissemination factors, increased safety for the troops handling the binary agents, and the less complicated processes of demilitarization. The cost of producing and deploying biological weapons is less expensive than chemical weapons; the materials, equipment, and production space are all so inexpensive, any terrorist organization can afford them. According to an Office of Technical Assessment (OTA) Report, the cheapest overt production of one nuclear bomb costs $200 million, with larger programs costing up to 50 times more. In contrast, a large arsenal costs less than $10 million dollars. 9] Kathleen Bailey, found through interviews with professors, students, and scientists, that all that was needed to create a biological weapons program capable of producing large amounts of agents, would be several biologists with $10,000 worth of equipment – all of which who could fit into the same room. [10] This then causes many terrorists organizations to actually be capable of producing a biological agent. Dissemination of biological agents can be simple and inexpensive. There are a variety of different ways they can be de livered. The simplest methods of dissemination are through the contamination of food products or water. This method only requires direct access to any food product or water- preferably during the purification stages of that food product or of that water. Biological agents can also be dispersed through the contamination of agriculture, indirect transmission through animals, and direct contact, such as the assassination of Georgi Markov in 1978 through a ricin- containing pallet that was shot into his thigh. Dissemination through aerosol or vapor into an enclosed area or the open air is more complex than just through food products or water. Biological agents released into the air, such as through the release of vapors from a crop duster, are subject to biological decay, physical decay, atmospheric thermal stability, wind speed, and dimension of the land surface. The dissemination of agents is more predictable in rural areas than urban regions. The agents must be able to withstand the stress of the dissemination, environmental factors, and physical obstructions. Researchers have found, however, that dissemination of agents at night or enclosed dark areas, such as subways or tunnels, can be particularly effective. [12] Biological agents can be extremely lethal, some biological agents create more deadly affects than others, such as Anthrax. According to the Department of Defense, ten kilograms of Anthrax can cause more damage than a ten kiloton nuclear weapon. [13] This form of warfare can lead a military down by 90% through the intentions of militarization, by giving the military that dispensed the biological agents a form of character. Since most individuals are not vaccinated for different types of diseases, such as smallpox, it can lead to millions of people dying. Small pox is an example of a bacteria that can cause up to 2 million people, if being exposed to a society, to die because of the complete absence of prevention and control measures since 1970, because people do not believe that this disease will emerge again. It has such a high mortality rate (one in three people die) and infectiousness (on average, one person will infect three additional people). Politics seams to be the cause of many disasters from the corrupt French government in 1740 which led to the brutal French Revolution, to the rebellions of Aum Shinrikyo, which formed their own structure based on the Japanese government. Aum Shinrikyo attracted followers that opposed the Japanese government, in the late 1980’s and 1990’s, which caused their group to become larger. Their goal was to pursue terrorist violence in competition with rival groups that Shoko Asahara, the leader of this violent group, feared would attract support away from Aum Shinrikyo. Their next goal was to take over the Japanese government. On March 1194, Aum Shinrikyo tried to assassinate the leader of a rival religious sect, the Soka Gakkai, but failed because the spraying system mounted on a van malfunction and contaminated its operators. However, the second attempt occurred in Mastumoto on June 27th, 1994, the members working with the biological agents of Aum Shinrikyo, improved the spraying system, which targeted three judges who were expected to rule against the sect in a land dispute. This later resulted in the injuries of 500, including the three political judges they were after. In September 1984, Rajneeshee religious cult the Dalles, Orgeon grew Salmonella typhimurium to manipulate the results of the November 1984 election. They planned to buss homeless people into their commune and register them as voters, and make the opposing voters sick and unable to vote. They then poisoned to county commissioners by using the method of dissemination of contaminating water with salmonella typhiurium, which caused both the commissioners to become sick. The cult then contaminated ten Dallas restaurants, which opened up 751 cases of salmonella. 16] The uses of these pathogens by both these two different groups, had the attentions of manipulating whatever they deemed was politically corrupted. Biological agents can be small and easy to transport. William Patrick, who left the US biological Weapons Development Program around 1969, regularly carries a vial containing a stimulant for anthrax, just to test whether or not it will be detected. In 1999, he brought the vial with him into a hearing of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence without being detected and claimed to make the same move at the State Department, the Pentagon, and the CIA. 17] Many have traveled through airports, with high-tech security, around the world carrying equipment for deploying these biological agents through the air and never were stopped to explain the purpose for the equipment. The first signs of an attack may not even come until weeks after the agent has been deployed. Thus, by the time the authorities determine an attack has taken place, the perpetrators could be anywhere in the world, trying to escape what they have done. Biological attacks can be mistaken for naturally occurring disease outbreaks. Because of the difficulty in detecting a biological weapons attack, it is almost impossible to lay blame on a particular group or individual for the outbreak. As technology, and information on the biological fields of science increase, so do the potential threats of this type of warfare. It has been examined closely to how the factors help contribute to this type of warfare, as well as how motivation leads for this type of warfare to become some-what successful. The main major factor of groups to use this type of warfare would be religion. Religion plays a tremendous role in human misery, from wars, such as the crusades, to the use of biological weapons targeted at specific religious groups. When terrorism is involved in the name of religion, such as Al-Qaida, it is often motivated by violence that is regarded as â€Å"divine duty† which justifies bloodshed. One of the hallmarks of a religious terrorist is the unquestioned willingness to kill a large number of people without conscience behind their agendas. Since biological warfare is very effective in killing mass number of people, many religious extremist groups use this form of warfare to justify their actions, and views on religion. Terrorists groups have reputations that attract many people. Acquiring such massive biological weapons, or producing such complicated weapons, brings the terrorist group a high-rank reputation as well as to be seen as having no boundaries. It then makes it easier for the terrorist group to achieve their agendas. Aum Shinrikyo cult is an example that uses both of these motivations. Their attack in the subway system in 1995 not only caused the successful attack of fifty-five hundred people, according to their agenda, but had gotten people to realize their dangerous element; the involvement of highly intelligent and educated people, in which some are considered to be Japan’s brightest scientists, computer technicians, and trained professionals. Even by the standards of cults, the Aum were a strange bunch. Among other things, members believed in the virtues of levitation and coffee enemas. They also wore elaborate radio sets on their heads so as to better hear the thoughts of their Leader. Despite their unusual ideas, the cult attracted a number of educated followers with scientific and technical abilities. It is a discouraging fact: religious cults may be strange and oblivious, but that doesn’t prevent them from attracting capable intelligent followers – or to pursue their doomsday agendas. This type of warfare is an inhumane, dangerous type of warfare, that has killed dozens of people. If we actually take the factors into consideration, than we can lower the motivation and the prevent the further productions of these biological weapons. Bibliography http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/esp_sociopol_AUM01.htm How to cite Factors and Motivations That Influence Biological Warfare, Essay examples